I. Composition of solar power supply system
Solar power system is composed of solar cell group, solar controller, battery (group). If the output power is AC 220V or 110V and to complement the utility, you also need to configure the inverter and utility intelligent switcher.
1.Solar cell array that is solar panels
This is the most central part of the solar photovoltaic power generation system, its main role is to convert solar photons into electricity, so as to promote the work of the load. Solar cells are divided into monocrystalline silicon too cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells. As monocrystalline silicon cells than the other two types of robust, long service life (generally up to 20 years), high photoelectric conversion efficiency, resulting in it becoming the most commonly used battery.
2.Solar charge controller
Its main job is to control the state of the entire system, while the battery overcharge, over discharge to play a protective role. In places where the temperature is particularly low, it also has a temperature compensation function.
3.Solar deep cycle battery pack
Battery as the name implies is the storage of electricity, it is mainly stored by the solar panel conversion of electricity, generally lead-acid batteries, can be recycled many times.
In the whole monitoring system. Some equipment needs to provide 220V, 110V AC power, and the direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDc, 24VDc, 48VDc. So in order to provide power to 22VAC, 11OVAc equipment, the system must be increased DC / AC inverter, the solar photovoltaic power generation system will be generated in the DC power into AC power.
Second, the principle of solar power generation
The simplest principle of solar power generation is what we call chemical reaction, that is, the conversion of solar energy into electricity. This conversion process is the process of solar radiation photons through the semiconductor material into electrical energy, usually called the “photovoltaic effect”, solar cells are made using this effect.
As we know, when the sunlight shines on the semiconductor, some photons are reflected off the surface, the rest is either absorbed by the semiconductor or transmitted by the semiconductor, which is absorbed by the photons, of course, some become hot, and some other ~ photons are colliding with the atomic valence electrons that make up the semiconductor, and thus produce an electron-hole pair. In this way, the sun’s energy to produce electron-hole pairs in the form of transformed into electrical energy, and then through the semiconductor internal electric field reaction, to produce a certain current, if a piece of the battery semiconductor in various ways connected to form multiple current voltage, so as to output power.
Third, the German residential solar collector system analysis (more pictures)
In terms of solar energy utilization, it is generally common to install a vacuum glass tube solar water heater on the roof. This vacuum glass tube solar water heater is characterized by a lower selling price and a simpler structure. However, this use of water as a heat transfer medium of solar water heaters, with the growth of the user’s use of time, in the vacuum glass tube on the inside of the water storage wall, will be a thick layer of scale, the generation of this layer of scale, will reduce the thermal efficiency of the vacuum glass tube, therefore, this common vacuum tube solar water heaters, every few years of use time, the need to remove the glass tube, take certain measures to carry out the scale inside the tube But this process, most ordinary home users are basically not aware of this situation. Regarding the scale problem in the vacuum glass tube solar water heater, after a long period of use, users may also be too troublesome to do the scale removal work, but continue to make do with the use.
In addition, in winter, this kind of vacuum glass tube solar water heater, because the user is afraid of winter cold, resulting in freezing system, most families, basically also will be the solar water heater in the storage of water, emptying out in advance, in winter no longer use solar water heater. Also, if the sky is not well lit for a long time, it will also affect the normal use of this vacuum glass tube solar water heater. In many European countries, this kind of solar water heater with water as the heat transfer medium is relatively rare. Most European countries solar water heaters, the internal is the use of low toxicity propylene glycol antifreeze, as a heat transfer medium. Therefore, this kind of solar water heater does not use water, in winter, as long as there is sun in the sky, it can be used, there is no winter fear of freezing problem. Of course, unlike domestic simple solar water heaters, where the water in the system can be used directly after being heated, solar water heaters in European countries require the installation of a heat exchange storage tank inside the indoor equipment room that is compatible with the rooftop solar collectors. In the heat exchange storage tank, propylene glycol heat-conducting liquid is used to displace the solar radiation heat absorbed by the rooftop solar collectors to the water body in the storage tank through the copper tube radiator in the shape of a spiral disk to provide users with domestic hot water or hot water for the indoor low-temperature hot water radiant heating system, i.e., floor heating, respectively. In addition, solar water heaters in European countries, often also mixed with other heating systems, such as, gas water heaters, oil boilers, ground source heat pumps, etc., to ensure the daily supply and use of hot water for home users.
German private residential solar energy utilization – flat plate collector picture section
Installation of 2 flat-plate solar collector panels on the outdoor roof
Outdoor roof installation of 2 flat-plate solar collector panels (also visible, parabolic butterfly-shaped satellite TV signal receiving antenna installed on the roof)
Installation of 12 flat-plate solar collector panels on the outdoor roof
Installation of 2 flat-plate solar collector panels on the outdoor roof
Outdoor roof installation of 2 flat-plate solar collector panels (also visible, above the roof, with a skylight)
Outdoor roof installation of two flat-plate solar collector panels (also visible, parabolic butterfly satellite TV signal receiving antenna installed on the roof; above the roof, there is a skylight)
Outdoor roof installation of nine flat-plate solar collector panels (also visible, parabolic butterfly satellite TV signal receiving antenna installed on the roof; above the roof, there are six skylights)
Outdoor roof installation of six flat-plate solar collector panels (also visible, above the roof, the installation of 40 solar photovoltaic power generation system panels)
Outdoor roof installation of two flat-plate solar collector panels (also visible, the roof is installed parabolic butterfly satellite TV signal receiving antenna; above the roof, there is a skylight; above the roof, the installation of 20 solar photovoltaic power generation system panels)
Outdoor roof, installation of flat plate type solar collector panels, construction site.
Outdoor roof, installation of flat plate type solar collector panels, construction site.
Outdoor roof, installation of flat plate type solar collector panels, construction site.
Outdoor roof, flat plate solar collector, partial close-up.
Outdoor roof, flat plate solar collector, partial close-up.
In the roof of the house, flat-plate solar collectors and panels for solar photovoltaic power generation systems are installed on top of the roof; inside the equipment room in the basement of the lower part of the house, gas-fired hot water boilers and integrated heat exchange hot water storage tanks are installed, as well as "inverters" for interchanging DC and AC power in solar power generation systems. ", and a control cabinet for connection to the outdoor public power grid, etc.
The indoor hot water needs are: domestic hot water at the washstand location; floor heating - underfloor heating, and heat transfer water in the low temperature hot water radiant heating system.
There are 2 flat-plate solar collector panels installed on the roof; a wall-mounted gas-fired hot water boiler installed indoors; a comprehensive heat exchange hot water storage tank installed; and supporting hot water piping (red), return water piping (blue), and heat transfer medium flow control facilities in the flat-plate solar collector system, as well as an expansion tank.
There are 2 groups of flat-plate solar collector panels installed on the roof; wall-mounted gas-fired hot water boiler installed indoors; integrated heat exchange hot water storage tank installed; and supporting hot water piping (red), return water piping (blue), and heat transfer medium flow control facilities in the flat-plate solar collector system, etc. Hot water use: domestic hot water supply; heating hot water delivery.
There are 8 flat-plate solar collector panels installed on the roof; a gas hot water boiler installed inside the basement; a comprehensive heat exchange hot water storage tank installed; and supporting hot water piping (red) and return water piping (blue). Hot water use: bathroom, wash face, bath domestic hot water; kitchen domestic hot water; heating heat transfer hot water.
There are 2 flat-plate solar collector panels installed on the roof; an integrated heat exchange hot water storage tank installed indoors; and supporting hot water piping (red) and return water piping (blue). Hot water use: bathroom bath domestic hot water; kitchen domestic hot water.
